STM32ADC+DMA周期采样数据滤波

博主： YiYu
发布时间：2024 年 03 月 09 日
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分类： C

## STM32 cubemx配置

### STM32 ADC配置

1. 配置ADC channel, IN0 + IN5
2. Parameter Settings

```
    Resolution: 12bit -> 4096 max
    Data Aliginment: Right alignment
    Scan Conversion Mode: Enable
    Continuous Conversion Mode: Disable
    Discontinuous Conversion Mode: Disable
    DMA Continuous Mode: Enable
    End Of Conversion Selection: EOC flag at the end of all conversions

Number Of Conversion: 2
    External Trigger Conversion Source: Timer 2 Trigger Out event
    External Trigger Conversion Edge: Trigger detection on the rising edge

Rank 1
        Channel: Channel 0
        Sampling Time: 15 Cycles
    Rank 2
        Chennel: Channel 5
        Sampling Time: 15 Cycles
```

3. DMA Settings

```
    DMA Request: ADC1
    Stream: DMA2 Stream 0
    Direction: Peripheral To Memory
    Priority: Low
```

### STM32 TIM2配置

1. Parameter Settings

```
    Clocl Souce: Internal Clock
    Trigger Event Selection: Update Event
```

## 初始化代码

### TIM2初始化函数

```c
void MX_TIM2_Init(void)
{
  /* 初始化TIM2配置，预分频系数为41，向上计数模式，自动重载值为49，
  同步时钟不分频，并启用自动重载预装载功能 */

TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};

htim2.Instance = TIM2;
  htim2.Init.Prescaler = 41;
  htim2.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim2.Init.Period = 49;
  htim2.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim2.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_ENABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
  if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim2, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_UPDATE;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim2, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}
```

### ADC1初始化函数

```c
void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{
  ADC_AnalogWDGConfTypeDef AnalogWDGConfig = {0};
  ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};

// 配置ADC1全局属性，包括时钟预分频、分辨率、扫描模式、触发源、数据对齐方式等
  hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
  hadc1.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_SYNC_PCLK_DIV4;
  hadc1.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
  hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = ENABLE;
  hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_RISING;
  hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONV_T2_TRGO;
  hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
  hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 2;
  hadc1.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = ENABLE;
  hadc1.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SEQ_CONV;
  if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

// 配置模拟看门狗，单通道监控，阈值设定，以及中断模式启用
  AnalogWDGConfig.WatchdogMode = ADC_ANALOGWATCHDOG_SINGLE_REG;
  AnalogWDGConfig.HighThreshold = 3723;
  AnalogWDGConfig.LowThreshold = 0;
  AnalogWDGConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_0;
  AnalogWDGConfig.ITMode = ENABLE;
  if (HAL_ADC_AnalogWDGConfig(&hadc1, &AnalogWDGConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

// 分别配置通道0和通道5的具体采样时间和在序列中的位置
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_0;
  sConfig.Rank = 1;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_15CYCLES;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_5;
  sConfig.Rank = 2;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}
```

## 用户自定义代码

### 创建数据缓冲区并启动ADC

```c
// 创建一个大小为256的原始ADC数据缓冲区
uint16_t adc_raw[256];

// 启动ADC DMA模式采集200个样本，并启动TIM2
HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(&hadc1, (uint32_t *)adc_raw, 200);
HAL_TIM_Base_Start(&htim2);
```

### ADC转换完成回调函数

```c
// 定义存储电流和电压值的变量
uint32_t Channel_i_value, Channel_v_value;

void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)
{
    /* 200个数据，两通道各100次采样，取64次（前后各丢18次）*/
    int drop_count = 18;
    int total_count = 100;
    int shift = 6;  // 64 = 2^6

uint16_t max_i = 0;
    uint16_t min_i = 0xFFFF;
    uint16_t max_v = 0;
    uint16_t min_v = 0xFFFF;
    int max_i_index, min_i_index, max_v_index, min_v_index;
    uint32_t sum_raw;

/* 停止TIM避免多通道数据错位的问题 */
    HAL_ADC_Stop_DMA(&hadc1);
    HAL_TIM_Base_Stop(&htim2);

#define i_raw(index) (raw[2 * (index) + 0])
#define v_raw(index) (raw[2 * (index) + 1])

// 找出电流和电压的最大值和最小值及其索引
    for (int i = 0; i < drop_count; i++) {
        for (int j = i; j < (total_count - i); j++) {
            if (max_i < i_raw(j)) {
                max_i = i_raw(j);
                max_i_index = j;
            }
            if (min_i > i_raw(j)) {
                min_i = i_raw(j);
                min_i_index = j;
            }
            if (max_v < v_raw(j)) {
                max_v = v_raw(j);
                max_v_index = j;
            }
            if (min_v > v_raw(j)) {
                min_v = v_raw(j);
                min_v_index = j;
            }
        }
        max_i = i_raw(max_i_index);
        i_raw(max_i_index) = i_raw(i);
        i_raw(i) = max_i;
        min_i = i_raw(min_i_index);
        i_raw(min_i_index) = i_raw(total_count - i);
        i_raw(total_count - i) = min_i;
        max_v = v_raw(max_v_index);
        v_raw(max_v_index) = v_raw(i);
        v_raw(i) = max_v;
        min_v = v_raw(min_v_index);
        v_raw(min_v_index) = v_raw(total_count - i);
        v_raw(total_count - i) = min_v;
    }

// 计算电流和电压的中位平均值
    sum_raw = 0;
    for (int i = drop_count; i < (total_count - drop_count); i++)
        sum_raw += i_raw(i);

// Channel 0 value for current
    Channel_i_value = sum_raw >> shift;

sum_raw = 0;
    for (int i = drop_count; i < (total_count - drop_count); i++)
        sum_raw += v_raw(i);

// Channel 5 value for voltage
    Channel_v_value = sum_raw >> shift;

#undef i_raw
#undef v_raw
}

// 获取ADC采样结果后，重新启动ADC和TIM2
void start_adc(void)
{
    HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(&hadc1, (uint32_t *)adc_raw, 200);
    HAL_TIM_Base_Start(&htim2);
}
```

### 总结

本文详细介绍了如何通过STM32CubeMX配置STM32的ADC以配合DMA实现周期性采样，并通过用户自定义代码实现了数据滤波。具体而言，配置了ADC1进行IN0和IN5两个通道的采样，并借助TIM2作为触发源，在每次触发事件发生时执行两次ADC采样。利用DMA将采集到的数据连续传送到内存缓冲区，同时在ADC转换完成后调用回调函数，该函数会对采集的数据进行初步处理，包括数据筛选和中位平均计算，从而实现对电流和电压的准确测量。最后，通过start_adc()函数循环启动ADC和TIM2以持续进行周期采样。

最后修改：2024 年 03 月 09 日

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STM32ADC+DMA周期采样数据滤波

YiYu • 2024 年 03 月 09 日